توازن مجموعة كميائية

1 ا ا ن ا ر ل ازن آ 1 ر 1ص73 ا quot ا ء - 1-1 ا2 1 رج ا د ا 2 A B C D 2-1 آgt 6 ه7ا ا إذا آ ن B ه ا ء 3 آ 76 3-1 أ2 lt A اازن ا وlt د ا ا 4-1 أ2 gt lt ام اDE آ 5-1 H gt ام اDE آ ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- اIJ A B C D Qr 2 ا رج 1 1-1 ---- ----- ------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- 2 A C D Qr 2-1 6 ه7ا ا إذا آ ن B ه ا ء 3 آ 7 ---- ----- ------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- 2 q q q A C D K وquot اL اK gt q q q q A B C D K 2 MوNا Lا quot ازنا A 1-3 ---- ----- ------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- max x x f 4-1 gt ام اDE آ ه وه H دة ا 3ت ا ورI اLارة 2 ا آ H 2RS إذا أ اEاQ رة O ز 2 ر 2ص73 ا quot ا ء lt دVت ا 3ت ا 6 5 2 2 aq aq HCO H C H CO 6 5 2 2 aq aq HCO C H CO H 1 2 2 5 2 l C H CO H H O aq 3 2 5 2 aq aq C H CO H O 2 2 3 l NH H O aq 4 aq aq NH HO 3 أ2 E د 1 رج ا --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- اIJ 2 6 5 2 2 6 5 2 HCO H C H CO HCO C H CO H Qr 1 ---- ----- ------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- C H CO H C H CO H O Qr 2 5 2 2 5 2 3 2 ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- --- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- 3 4 NH NH HO Qr 3 3 ر 3ص73 ا quot ا ء Ag3PO4 1 اآ6 د 6 آرور اS AgCl وآ ت اS AgCl 2 و د ذو ن quot ت اS 2 أ2 quot آ 1 رج ا

2 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- اIJ 1 s aq aq Ag C AgCl l 2 2 s aq aq Ag C AgC l l 3 4 3 4 3 s aq aq Ag PO Ag PO ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- --- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- Ag Cl Qr 1 MوNا Lا 2 2 1 Ag Cl Qr اL اK gt 3 4 3 Qr Ag PO K Kا Lا 2 4 ر 4 ص73 ا quot ا ء lt ا ا 2 3 2 l CH CO H H O aq 3 3 2 aq aq CH CO H O 1 أ2 A اازن 7Dا ا 2 quot gt اازن 21 10 l 4 CH 3CO2 H 3O mol q q 69 10 l 4 CH3CO2H mol q ا6 A اازن ا وlt 7Dا ا --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- اIJ 1 A اازن ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- --- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- 2 5 ر 5 ص73 ا quot ا ء 320 l c1 mo W Xآ aq aq K I 3 دور ا م 50cm M يL S1 VL سآ quot 6gt l 2 2 2 8 aq aq K S O Agt S ltإ mol10m ا م A gt آ ت وآ lt3 أن ا2 A 71 gt E gt ن EA اد ر ا2 ه V -1 اآ6 د ا 8mmol 2mmol 0mmol ا ا م 71 E ا ما ولI ا د 2- 3 ا6 quot اL Vت ا3Kث 1 رج ا ه م م ا --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- اIJ 1 د ا 2 I 2 4 2SO 2 S2O8 2I q q q CH CO H CH CO H O K 3 2 3 2 3 5 4 4 3 2 3 2 3 51 10 69 10 21 10 2 q q q CH CO H CH CO H O K

3 n1 آ دة 2 n2 I ا و 2 آ دة S2O8 ا Iول م ا 2 2 8 aq S O و aq I 2 د ا I 2 4 2SO 2 S2O8 2I اL ام ب molm آ ت ا دة 0 0 0 ا Lا n2 n1 n x 2x x x t eLا E 2 n 2x 1 V x I 2 V n x I 2 1 إذن V x SO 2 2 4 V n x S O 2 2 2 8 n c V 320 mol 50 10 5 10 mol 16 10 mmol 16mmol 3 3 3 1 1 1 l E V V V 50 100 150ml 1 2 لL ا Lا د ا 2 I 2 4 2SO 2 S2O8 2I اL ام ب molm آ ت ا دة 16 10 0 0 0 ا Lا 16 2x 10 x 2x x x t eLا E ا E 71 م ا ا mol2m nS O 8mmol 2 2 8 nI 1mmol nSO 4mmol 2 4 nI 2mmol 2 ا E 71 م ا ا mol8m nS O 2mmol 2 2 8 n I nSO 16mmol 2 4 nI 8mmol 2 ---- ----- ------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- 3 1 رج ا 2 4 2 2 2 2 1 3 1 2 2 2 2 2 8 2 2 2 2 4 n x n x x V n x V n x V x V x I S O I SO Qr 1 رج ا H م ا 6 ر 6 ص73 ا quot ا ء WXآ gوXEا h L لL iاiا ا س 1 1 2 S cm l cm 1 ا jgt c 5 10 mol l 3 G S Equot 4 032 10 1 اآ6 د ا اL i 2 د اآX اNgtاع اN gtا 1 quot ه7ا ا 3 ا6 gt ام اDE 7Dا ا 4 ا6 A اازن K ا وlt د ه7ا ا S m mol gt H O 53 10 2 2 3 S m mol C H COO 233 10 3 2 6 5 اIJ 1 د ا اL i 3 6 5 aq aq C H COO H O 2 6 5 aq l C H COOH H O ---- ----- ------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- 2 Iول م ا د ا 3 6 5 aq aq C H COO H O 2 6 5 aq l C H COOH H O

4 اL ام ب molm آ ت ا دة ة quot0 0 0 ا Lا n1 ن از اE q x q x q ة quotx q n x 1 2ا i E ما ولI ل31 3 6 5 n H O n C H COO و7g l ا3 ا آ و DI أ1ى lt أن l S إذن G S G l إذن ا3 ا l آ 530 530 10 l 53 10 233 10 10 10 032 10 3 3 2 3 2 1 4 2 2 4 6 5 3 mol m mol S m mol m m S C H COO q H O q وE 530 l 105 530 10 474 10 l 1 1 3 3 3 6 5 c mol mol V x V n V n x C H COOH q q ---- ----- ------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- 3 gt ام اDE 31ل Iول ام h اXEوg ه ا ا L max 1 x n إذن o o q q q c H O cV H O V n x x x 0 106 10 6 5 10 530 10 3 3 3 3 max 1 4 A اازن 5 3 3 2 6 5 6 5 3 286 10 474 10 530 10 C H COOH C H COO H O K 7 ر 7ص73 ا quot ا ء 1 اآ6 د اN gtك p ا ء ولا quot D L ا Q Eا p gtو اب7 ا كlt r c Xاآ E كlt Nا لL i ا jgt 2 ا cmoll 2 10 3 105 3 10 1 33 3 70 100 4 S cm أوI اآX ا ا rgtاع اN gtا اIة quot آ Lل 3 اEQ اE Q ا lt ام اDE ه H آX ا 7اب ا

5 gt 2 1 19 9 mS m mol HO 2 1 347 4 mS m mol NH 1 IJا 4 aq aq NH HO 2 3 aq l NH H O ---- ----- ------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- 2 Iول م ا د ا 4 aq aq NH HO 2 3 aq l NH H O اL ام ب molm آ ت ا دة ة quot0 0 0 ا Lا n1 ن از اE q x q x q ة quotx q n x 1 2ا i 4 31ل Iول ام E n NH n HO و7g l ا3 ا آ H دي cmoll 2 10 3 105 3 10 1 33 3 70 100 4 S cm E Lل اNول mol m mol l S m mol S m NH q HO q 370 370 10 19 109 347 10 100 4 10 10 3 3 3 3 2 1 6 2 1 4 NH c NH mol l q q 10 370 10 639 10 2 3 3 3 4 gt Kا لL E mol m mol l S m mol S m NH q HO q 0 257 0 257 10 19 109 347 10 70 10 10 3 3 3 3 2 1 6 2 1 4 NH c NH mol l q q 105 0 257 10 744 10 3 3 3 3 4 s Kا لL E mol m mol l S m mol S m NH q HO q 0 122 0 122 10 19 109 347 10 33 3 10 10 3 3 3 3 2 1 6 2 1 4 NH c NH mol l q q 10 0 122 10 788 10 3 3 4 3 4 ---- ----- ------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- 3 gt ام اDE 31ل Iول ام اN gtك ه ا ا L

6 max 1 x n إذن E Lل اVول gt Kا لL E s Kا لL E lt ام اDE H آX ا 7اب ا lt3 أن Xداد آ E t آX ا Lل 8 ر 8ص74 ا quot ا ء ء ا p ggt K ا h د 6اآ 1 2 اآ6 A اازن K ا وlt د ه7ا ا c 010 mol l ه ذ1 ا ggt K ا h L هXآو V 100ml D آ lt 3 4 أن A اازن 61 10 K E اازن LH أن م ا E اازن ه 4 21 10 4 ااآX ا gt اNgtاع ا quot اازن 2ا pH QEا اIJ ء ا p ggt K ا h د 1 3 aq aq HCOO H O 2 l aq HCOOH H O ---- ----- ------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- 2 A اازن HCOOH HCOO H O K 3 ---- ----- ------- ---- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ----- ------- 3 آ دة aq no HCOOH cV 010 mol 100 10 10 mol 1mmol ه ا HCOOH 3 3 l l Iول م ا د ا 3 aq aq HCOO H O 2 l aq HCOOH H O اL ام ب molm آ ت ا دة ب molm ة quot0 0 0 ا Lا o n ن از اE q x q x q ة quotx o q n x 31ل Iول ام E q n HCOO n H O x 3 إذن V x HCOO H O q 3 c NH cV NH V n x x x x x f q q q 4 4 max max 1 o o c NH 0 037 73 10 370 10 2 3 4 o o c NH 050 5 510 0 257 10 3 3 4 o o c NH 120 12 10 0 122 10 3 3 4

7 إذن V x c V x V n x V x HCOOH HCOO H O K q q o q q 2 2 2 3 2 2 V x V K x K c q q 0 2 V x V K x Kc q q ا م 0 2 2 2 V K cV K V x x q q 2 2 xq K V xq KcV 2 2 وه د ارI اK gt KV 4KcV mol KV KV KV c x q 4 2 2 4 4 2 4 2 2 1 21 10 2 1061 10 1061 10 10614 10 10 2 4 2 4 2 2 2 lt KV KV KV c x q 21 10 l g7و 10 21 10 3 4 3 mol V x HCOO H O q mol l V x c V x V no V n x HCOOH o q q q 10 1021 88 10 2 3 3 21 10 922 2ا pH QEgt 3 3 pH log H O log 888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888888 ا ا ن ا ا ء ا ب ا ر DE ا ء اlte اL ا ا

8 -------------------------------------------------------------------------- اIJ 2 2 HNO NO و CH3COOH CH3COO ه ن 1 ا ة h ن IدوX ا أ -- -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- ب د ا اL i CH3COOH NO2 CH3COO HNO2 -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- جآ ا دة ا n CV mol mol mol m mol CH COOH 10 20 10 2 10 20 10 20 2 3 4 3 3 l l n CV mol mol mol m mol NO 10 20 10 2 10 20 10 20 2 3 4 3 2 l l ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- د Iول م ا CH3COOH NO2 CH3COO HNO2 د ا

9 اL ام آ ت ا دة ب molm 20 20 0 0 0 ا Lا 20 x 20 x x x x ازنا f 20 x f 20 x f x f x f x DEا Lا -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ه i ا2 اL د ا D Lل ltw ادم Na NO2 إذن ا3 ا l آ --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- و A اازن 3 2 2 3 CH COOH NO HNO CH COO K CH COOH NO f n n 20 x 2 3 lt3 31ل Iول ام أن CH3COO HNO2 و CH3COOH NO2 إذن CH COO HNO f n n x 2 3 و DI أ1ى 2 2 2 3 NO CH COO إذن A اازن l آ K -- --- --- ---- ---- -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- ز إذن Egt e 3 2 CH COO 20 NO Eو 2 2 2 2 3 104 NO CH COO l 1 إذن 2 104 K p l 2 3وا و 2 3 1 1 1 2 2 1 3 2 2 870 13 02 10 131 10 5 27 20 14 10 131 10 10 20 2 3 mol S m mol S m S m mol S m NO Na NO CH COO 3 3 2 CH COO 20 NO 20 870 741 mol m mol l ب Xاآا E 870 870 10 l 3 3 NO2 mol m mol 741 10 l 3 CH3COO mol

10 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ح ام ا 3 f CH COO x n ما ولI ل31 Eو max x x f إذن VS n CH COO CH COO 3 3 وlt أن n CH COO CH COO V mol mol S 3 3 4 3 3 741 10 40 10 0 696 10 l l x m mol mol 3 max 20 20 10 وE O O f x x 0 348 34 8 20 10 0 696 10 3 4 max و ا ب ا ر DE ا ء HNO2 و ه أ ا ة ا اquot L h NO2 - -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- -- ---- --- --- ---- --- --- ---- ---- ب HNO2 H2O NO2 H3O -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ج آ ا دة ا L h n CV mol mol mol m mol HNO 10 50 10 5 10 50 10 50 2 3 4 3 2 l l ول م ا amp HNO2 H2O NO2 H3O د ا اL ام آ ت ا دة ب molm 50 ة quot0 0 0 ا Lا 50 x ة quotx x x ازنا f 50 x ة quotf x f x f x DEا Lا 2quot 22 o نN ودL Dquot j ا ا7ه نyquot 100 o o 3 أن lt ام اDE أRi 3ام اNM اquotH ا1V ء ا ا L ا7ي ه h اEو 0 xmax 05 x 50 mmol max 3ام اDE max x x f x f xmax 220 50 110 mmol إذن 3 31ل Iول ام lS أن H O f n x 3 إذن l l 22 10 50 10 110 10 3 3 3 3 3 mol mol V x V n H O H O S f S

11 22 10 662 Eو 3 3 pH log H O log 3 ا دة Egt D ا HNO2 H2O NO2 H3O د ا اL ام آ ت ا دة ب molm 50 ة quot0 0 0 ا Lا 50 390 f x ة quot110 f x 110 110 DEا Lا l l 87 10 50 10 390 10 3 3 3 2 2 mol mol V n HNO HNO S ا ب ا ر DE ا ء

12 اlte Ll ه7ا ا ا1N Mgt j اL إن z ء ا SBIRO ABDELKRIM lyce agricole Oulad-Taima rgion dagadir royaume du Maroc Mail sbiabdouyahoofr Msen messager sbiabdouhotamailfr وا و اquotH